Urdu · Beginner vocabulary

35 basic Urdu words and phrases you can actually use

A useful beginner vocabulary is not a bag of unrelated nouns. It is a small set of words that helps you greet, respond, name the people around you and keep an exchange moving. These 35 are organized around those jobs.

These are not the 35 most frequent dictionary entries. They are a more useful beginner set: words and short phrases that let you greet someone, show respect, name family members, handle the table and make a small exchange. They are written in Roman Urdu, the Latin-letter spelling widely used in messages.

How to use the list

  • Learn five at a time, not all 35 in one sitting.
  • Press the speaker, then repeat with the same rhythm.
  • Turn single words into a situation: who would you say it to, and what comes next?
  • Review from the English meaning so you practice producing Urdu, not just recognizing it.

Greetings and goodbyes

Aap is the respectful you used with elders and new people. The phrase Aap kaisay hain? is a warm, safe opening in many situations.

Salam
Hello
Khush amdeed
Welcome
Aap kaisay hain?
How are you?
Main theek hoon
I am fine
Khuda hafiz
Goodbye

Courtesy and repair

Ji adds respect and warmth. Ji haan and ji nahin sound softer than a bare yes or no, especially with an elder or someone you have just met.

Ji haan
Yes
Ji nahin
No
Shukriya
Thank you
Maaf kijiye
Excuse me / sorry
Koi baat nahin
No problem

Family words

Family is a common reason to learn Urdu. Learn the people together, then use them in a short sentence instead of keeping them as isolated labels.

Khandan
Family
Walid
Father
Walida
Mother
Bhai
Brother
Behen
Sister
Beta
Son
Beti
Daughter

Meeting someone

Notice how the phrases connect. A question should lead to a fitting answer. Practice the whole six-turn exchange rather than six unrelated translations.

Aap ka naam kya hai?
What is your name?
Mera naam Sara hai
My name is Sara
Aap kahan se hain?
Where are you from?
Main Germany se hoon
I am from Germany
Aap se mil kar acha laga
Nice to meet you
Khushi hui
Pleased to meet you
Aap kya kaam karte hain?
What work do you do?

Food, drink and shopping

A compliment at the table is often more valuable than a perfect grammar explanation. Bohat mazedaar hai is a small phrase with a clear social use.

Pani
Water
Mujhe chai chahiye
I would like tea
Mujhe bhook lagi hai
I am hungry
Bohat mazedaar hai
It is very delicious
Pani de dijiye
Water, please
Yeh kitne ka hai?
How much is this?

Time, weather and small talk

Small talk buys you a friendly second to think. These phrases are useful bridges between the larger things you want to say.

Aaj
Today
Abhi
Now
Aaj garmi hai
It is hot today
Mausam acha hai
The weather is nice
Kitne baje hain?
What time is it?

A first conversation from the list

A: Salam. Aap kaisay hain?

B: Main theek hoon, shukriya. Aap ka naam kya hai?

A: Mera naam Sara hai. Aap se mil kar acha laga.

B: Khushi hui.

Read it once. Then cover B's lines and answer aloud. Finally change the name and add where you are from. That recombination is the point at which a word list starts becoming language.

Frequently asked questions

Is Roman Urdu real Urdu?

Yes. It is spoken Urdu represented with Latin letters. The spelling varies because there is no single everyday Roman Urdu standard.

Should I learn words or complete sentences first?

Use both, but connect each word to a sentence or situation quickly. Complete turns are easier to retrieve in a real conversation.

Are Urdu and Hindi words the same?

Everyday speech overlaps heavily, but vocabulary choices, pronunciation conventions and the scripts differ. Formal or literary language can diverge more.

Put the guide into practice

Turn the list into a conversation

Bol starts with these everyday jobs, then makes you listen, retrieve, speak and respond in short Urdu exchanges. Everything stays in Latin letters, with neural audio to copy.

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Five useful words beat fifty forgotten ones.

Practice a small set until you can answer aloud, then let the next set build on it.